Lesson 3 - Körperteile
There are two topics that tie together for this lesson: activities and body parts. We will be able to incorporate the dative case and talking about injuries in a skit. As well, we will learn more about Germany´s favorite past time: Fußball.
For this chapter, we will be exploring the dative case. To put this case into context, we will also be learning about body parts and a little more about sports. The dative case is the indirect object of a sentence. Just like the accusative, we will learn a specific set of prepositions that are goverened by the dative. Everything changes with this case, all forms of the are different. There are also additional ending to the possessive pronouns. There is a lot of information in this section, so take careful notes. Make sure to review the German 1 website for information on the accusative case.
Objectives:
1. Students will create sentences using a dative object.
2. Students will identify dative prepositions and will translate sentences usings these phrases.
3. Students will describe body parts in German.
For this chapter, we will be exploring the dative case. To put this case into context, we will also be learning about body parts and a little more about sports. The dative case is the indirect object of a sentence. Just like the accusative, we will learn a specific set of prepositions that are goverened by the dative. Everything changes with this case, all forms of the are different. There are also additional ending to the possessive pronouns. There is a lot of information in this section, so take careful notes. Make sure to review the German 1 website for information on the accusative case.
Objectives:
1. Students will create sentences using a dative object.
2. Students will identify dative prepositions and will translate sentences usings these phrases.
3. Students will describe body parts in German.
Dative Case - Pre-Test
We will take this quiz in class. It is a pretest to help you understand what you already know about the dative case.
Dative Case Pretest
Dative Case Pretest
Dative Case - Note Sheet
Activity 1 - die Körperteile
Germans love sports and activities to keep them active. In fact being fit is so important for Germans, that the bicycle is the single most important mode of transportation. On a bright, sunny day it is not uncommon to see Germans playing Fußball, hiking, and enjoying the beautiful scenery. Woven together with activities are the parts of the body. This might seem an odd combination, but it will come together nicely when you are introduced to the dative case later this lesson. Below are the sections for the necessary vocabulary. Please review the spelling and meaning of the words and phrases before practicing them and completing the quiz.
die Körperteile
der Arm, -e - arm das Auge, -n - eye die Augenbraue, -n - eyebrow der Bauch, - äu e - belly das Bein, -e - leg der Ellbogen, - - elbow der Finger, - - finger der Fuß, - ü e - foot das Gesicht, -er - face das Haar, - e - hair der Hals, - ä e - neck die Hand, - ä e - hand das Handgelenk, - e - wrist das Herz, -en - heart die Hüfte, -n - hip das Kinn, - e - chin das Knie, -n - knee der Kopf, -ö e - head der Körper, - - body der Körperteil, - e - part of the body die Lippe, - n - lip der Mund, -ü er - mouth die Nase, -n - nose das Ohr, -en - ear der Rücken, - - back die Schulter, -n - shoulder die Stirn, -en - forehead die Wange, -n - cheek die Wimper, -n - eyelash der Zahn, -ä e - tooth die Zehe, -n - toe die Zunge, -n - tounge |
die Aktivitäten
aufpassen - to pay attention ausprobieren - to try out der Ball, -ä e - ball basteln - to do crafts das Eishockey - ice hockey der Elfmeter, - - penalty kick foulen - to foul der Fußballplatz, - ä e - soccer field gewinnen - to win das Golf - golf (Germans say Ich spiele Golf) die Halbzeit - en - halftime jubeln - to cheer köpfen - to head (ball) Leid tun - to be sorry (Es tut mir Leid) die Lieblingsmannschaft, -en - favorite team die Mannschaft, -en - team der Nationalsport - national sport passieren - to happen plötzlich - suddenly Rad fahren - to bike schießen - to shoot Schlittschuh laufen - to ice skate schreien - to scream, yell schwenken - to swing das Spiel , - e - game der Spieler, - - player die Sportart, -en - kind of sport das Stadion, -dien - stadium der Tennisschläger, - - tennis racquet das Tischtennis, - - table tennis das Tor, -e - goal der Torwart, -ä er - goalkeeper treiben - to do verlassen - to leave versuchen - to try, attempt der Volleyball - volleyball wandern - to hike wehtun - to hurt (Es tut mir weh) weiterspielen - to continue playing der Zuschauer, - - spectator Fragen -
Welche Sportart treibst du? - What kind of sport do you play? Was machst du sonst noch gern? - What else do you like to do? |
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Activity 1 - Games
For the Körperteile, there is a crossword to help with both the names of the body parts and the spelling.
Körperteile Kreuzworträtsel
For the activities, you can try Pac Man. This focus on the verbs.
Aktivitäten
For the Körperteile, there is a crossword to help with both the names of the body parts and the spelling.
Körperteile Kreuzworträtsel
For the activities, you can try Pac Man. This focus on the verbs.
Aktivitäten
Activity 1 - Assignment
For this assignment, you will need to create a Google Doc and share it with me. Find a picture of a person. Make sure it is appropriate! Label all the body parts we have learned on the picture. If you wish to do a close up of the face, that is OK. Make sure the arrows you draw clearly point out the different body parts. There are a total of 30 body parts, not including the words: body and body parts. This assignment is worth 30 points, 1 point per body part. |
Activity 1 - Quiz
Once you have finished with the games and assignments, you can take the quiz over the body parts and activities. Each question is worth 1 point each for a total of 10 points. Click on the link below, to complete the quiz. Körperteile und Aktivitäten Quiz |
Activity 2 - Dative Case
In German, there are 4 cases. We have already covered the nominative - which is the subject of a sentence. We have also covered the accusative - which is the direct object of a sentence. Now we will cover the dative case. The dative relates to the indirect object of a sentence. An indirect object relates indirectly to the subject. In order to figure out what is an indirect object, ask yourself: to or for whom? To help you understand this, it is best to look at sample sentences in English.
I write the parents a letter. - In this sentence the subject is I, because I am doing the writing. Letter is the direct object, or what I am writing. The parents is the indirect object, because the letter is written for them.
He throws the dog a bone. - In this sentence the subject is he, because he is throwing the object. The bone is the direct object, it what is being thrown. Finally dog is the indirect object, to whom the bone in thrown.
Try figuring out the next sentence below on your own, then scroll for the answer.
The teacher gives the student a pencil.
As you can see there are so clear patterns. First the word order is typically subject, verb, indirect object, direct object. This is the exact word order pattern in German. Second, the indirect object in a standard sentence is an animate object. It is a dog or parents in both example sentences. You will find this to be true for this activity. When prepositions are introduced, you will find a change to that pattern.
I write the parents a letter. - In this sentence the subject is I, because I am doing the writing. Letter is the direct object, or what I am writing. The parents is the indirect object, because the letter is written for them.
He throws the dog a bone. - In this sentence the subject is he, because he is throwing the object. The bone is the direct object, it what is being thrown. Finally dog is the indirect object, to whom the bone in thrown.
Try figuring out the next sentence below on your own, then scroll for the answer.
The teacher gives the student a pencil.
As you can see there are so clear patterns. First the word order is typically subject, verb, indirect object, direct object. This is the exact word order pattern in German. Second, the indirect object in a standard sentence is an animate object. It is a dog or parents in both example sentences. You will find this to be true for this activity. When prepositions are introduced, you will find a change to that pattern.
Answers
The teacher gives the student a pencil.
Teacher is the subject, who is giving the object.
Pencil is the direct object, what is being given.
Student is the indirect object, to whom the object is given.
The teacher gives the student a pencil.
Teacher is the subject, who is giving the object.
Pencil is the direct object, what is being given.
Student is the indirect object, to whom the object is given.
As stated, the Germans put together sentences in the same word order as in English: subject, verb, indirect object, direct object. Also the objects for the most part, will be living. What we now need to understand is how the case is different from the nominative and accusative. We will focus in activity 2 only on the forms of der to keep it simple.
Masculine changes to dem, Feminine to die, Neuter to dem, and Plural to den. The chart below helps to illustrate this:
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der die das die
Accusative den die das die
Dative dem der dem den
Let's look at our example sentences in German.
Ich schreibe den Eltern einen Brief. - Since Eltern is the indirect object, die now changes to den.
Er wirft dem Hund den Knochen. - Since Hund is the indirect object, der now changes to dem.
Die Lehrerin gibt dem Schüler den Bleistift. - Since Schüler is the direct object, der now changes to dem.
Now it is your turn to try. Fill in the blank below with the correct dative definite article. When you finish, check you answers below.
1. Die Eltern schenken ------ Mädchen ein Rad.
2. Der Junge schreibt ------ Großeltern eine E-Mail.
3. Der Spieler schießt ------ Torwart den Ball.
4. Der Mann gibt ------ Frau einen Ring.
5. Die Freundin kauft ------ Freund eine neue CD.
If you have trouble remembering the gender of a noun, go to Beolingus and type in the noun. Remember that m stands for masculine, f for feminine, n for neuter. It will also show you if the noun in the plural form. Once you finish the exercise, move to the assignment and quiz.
Masculine changes to dem, Feminine to die, Neuter to dem, and Plural to den. The chart below helps to illustrate this:
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative der die das die
Accusative den die das die
Dative dem der dem den
Let's look at our example sentences in German.
Ich schreibe den Eltern einen Brief. - Since Eltern is the indirect object, die now changes to den.
Er wirft dem Hund den Knochen. - Since Hund is the indirect object, der now changes to dem.
Die Lehrerin gibt dem Schüler den Bleistift. - Since Schüler is the direct object, der now changes to dem.
Now it is your turn to try. Fill in the blank below with the correct dative definite article. When you finish, check you answers below.
1. Die Eltern schenken ------ Mädchen ein Rad.
2. Der Junge schreibt ------ Großeltern eine E-Mail.
3. Der Spieler schießt ------ Torwart den Ball.
4. Der Mann gibt ------ Frau einen Ring.
5. Die Freundin kauft ------ Freund eine neue CD.
If you have trouble remembering the gender of a noun, go to Beolingus and type in the noun. Remember that m stands for masculine, f for feminine, n for neuter. It will also show you if the noun in the plural form. Once you finish the exercise, move to the assignment and quiz.
Answers
1. Die Eltern schenken dem Mädchen ein Rad. 2. Der Junge schreibt den Großeltern eine E-Mail. 3. Der Spieler schießt dem Torwart den Ball. 4. Der Mann gibt der Frau einen Ring. 5. Die Freundin kauft dem Freund eine neue CD. |
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Activity 2 - Assignment
For this assignment, you will need to create a Google Doc. Be sure to include the title of the assignment and your name, so that it can be graded. Each question is worth 1 point each, for a total of 10 points. For each of the sentences below, provide the correct form of the dative article. You will need to retype the sentences and replace the ------ with the correct article. This will be similar to what you did in the notes section. 1. Ich schicke ------- Onkel eine E-Mail. 2. Er kauft ------- Freund eine Musikkarte. 3. Die Eltern kaufen ------- Tochter einen Tennisschläger. 4. Sonja sendet ------- Großeltern einen Brief. 5. Der Junge wirft -------- Katze ein Spielzeug. 6. Der Torwart schießt ------- Spieler den Ball. 7. Die Lehrerin gibt ------- Mädchen einen Kuli. 8. Hasan schenkt ------- Freundin eine Bluse. 9. Die Frau gibt ------- Kind ein Eis. 10. Ich helfe ------- Mann. |
Activity 2 - Quiz
Click on the link below to access the dative case quiz. Each question is worth 1 point each for a total of 10 points. Be sure to include you e-mail address, so that the results will be e-mailed to you. Dative Case Quiz |
Activity 3 - Ein Words in the Dative Case
Now that you have mastered the forms of the in the dative case, we will add the forms of the various ein words. Review the lessons from German 1 to help you with the various ein words. These lessons cover ein, kein, and the personal pronouns from our first lesson in German 2. To review, the following are considered ein words and take an ending depending on the function of the noun in the sentence and the gender of the noun.
ein - a
mein - my
dein - your (singular)
sein - his, its
kein - no
unser - our
euer - your (plural)
ihr - her, their
Ihr - your formal
The endings are as follows:
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative nothing e nothing e
Accusative en e nothing e
Dative em er em en
Notice that the endings for the dative case are exactly the same as with the endings of the forms of dem, der, and den. All you do is simply remove the d and now add these endings to the ein word.
Let's take the exact same sentences as before to show the changes.
Ich schreibe meinen Eltern einen Brief. - I write my parents a letter.
Er wirft einem Hund den Knochen. - He throws a dog the bone.
Die Lehrerin gibt keinem Schüler den Bleistift. - The teachers gives no student the pencil.
Practice this on your own and check your answers after the activity is complete
1. Die Eltern schenken ------ Mädchen ein Rad. (ihr)
2. Der Junge schreibt ------ Großeltern eine E-Mail. (sein)
3. Der Spieler schießt ------ Torwart den Ball. (ein)
4. Der Mann gibt ------ Frau einen Ring. (kein)
5. Die Freundin kauft ------ Freund eine neue CD. (unser)
At this point, practice your sentences from the previous lesson. You can substitute any ein word for the der word. Just remember that your endings will be the exact same. Since this is the case, we will not practice this further. Instead the next lessons will cover both the forms of ein and the der words with other special dative case uses.
ein - a
mein - my
dein - your (singular)
sein - his, its
kein - no
unser - our
euer - your (plural)
ihr - her, their
Ihr - your formal
The endings are as follows:
Masculine Feminine Neuter Plural
Nominative nothing e nothing e
Accusative en e nothing e
Dative em er em en
Notice that the endings for the dative case are exactly the same as with the endings of the forms of dem, der, and den. All you do is simply remove the d and now add these endings to the ein word.
Let's take the exact same sentences as before to show the changes.
Ich schreibe meinen Eltern einen Brief. - I write my parents a letter.
Er wirft einem Hund den Knochen. - He throws a dog the bone.
Die Lehrerin gibt keinem Schüler den Bleistift. - The teachers gives no student the pencil.
Practice this on your own and check your answers after the activity is complete
1. Die Eltern schenken ------ Mädchen ein Rad. (ihr)
2. Der Junge schreibt ------ Großeltern eine E-Mail. (sein)
3. Der Spieler schießt ------ Torwart den Ball. (ein)
4. Der Mann gibt ------ Frau einen Ring. (kein)
5. Die Freundin kauft ------ Freund eine neue CD. (unser)
At this point, practice your sentences from the previous lesson. You can substitute any ein word for the der word. Just remember that your endings will be the exact same. Since this is the case, we will not practice this further. Instead the next lessons will cover both the forms of ein and the der words with other special dative case uses.
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Answers
1. Die Eltern schenken ihrem Mädchen ein Rad.
2. Der Junge schreibt seinen Großeltern eine E-Mail.
3. Der Spieler schießt einem Torwart den Ball.
4. Der Mann gibt keiner Frau einen Ring.
5. Die Freundin kauft unserm Freund eine neue CD.
1. Die Eltern schenken ihrem Mädchen ein Rad.
2. Der Junge schreibt seinen Großeltern eine E-Mail.
3. Der Spieler schießt einem Torwart den Ball.
4. Der Mann gibt keiner Frau einen Ring.
5. Die Freundin kauft unserm Freund eine neue CD.
Activity 4 - Dative Verbs
There are a special set of verbs that take the dative case. These verbs will not have an accusative case (direct object), instead the objects is the indirect object and uses the dative case. It is best to simply memorize these verbs together as a group, as the list is short. Remember that when you use these verbs, a dative object will follow.
gefallen - to like, please
glauben - to believe
helfen - to help
Leid tun - to be sorry
passen - to fit
schmecken - to taste
stehen - to suit
wehtun - to hurt (wehtun is separable: Es tut mir weh)
Here are some example sentences to illustrate how these verbs work.
Der Film gefällt dem Mann nicht. - The film is not likeable to the man, the man does not like the film.
Bitte, hilf deiner Mutter! - Please help your mother.
Er glaubt seinen Eltern. - He believes his parents.
As you can see, the italicized words are the dative objects. There is not an accusative object present, but instead it is considered an indirect object and there for the dative is used. When I first studied these verbs, I always remembered them as gefallen + dat. This helped me remember that when I use the verb gefallen, I must use a dative object. This is different than English, so it must be memorized.
gefallen - to like, please
glauben - to believe
helfen - to help
Leid tun - to be sorry
passen - to fit
schmecken - to taste
stehen - to suit
wehtun - to hurt (wehtun is separable: Es tut mir weh)
Here are some example sentences to illustrate how these verbs work.
Der Film gefällt dem Mann nicht. - The film is not likeable to the man, the man does not like the film.
Bitte, hilf deiner Mutter! - Please help your mother.
Er glaubt seinen Eltern. - He believes his parents.
As you can see, the italicized words are the dative objects. There is not an accusative object present, but instead it is considered an indirect object and there for the dative is used. When I first studied these verbs, I always remembered them as gefallen + dat. This helped me remember that when I use the verb gefallen, I must use a dative object. This is different than English, so it must be memorized.
Activity 4 - Assignment
For this assignment you will need to create a Google Doc. Be sure to title the assignment and to put your name on it. When finished, submit the document to me. Translate the sentences from English to German. 1. I do not believe my female teacher. 2. We are helping our male friend. 3. His uncle likes the film. (Use the example sentence for help) 4. The pants fit the man. 5. The sauerbraten tastes good to child. |
Activity 4 - Quiz
For this quiz, you will be translating sentences from English to German and from German to English. There are a total of 5 sentences to be translated, worth 1 point each. Assignments will be automatically graded and the results sent to your e-mail. Dative Verbs Quiz |
Activity 5 - Dative Prepositions
Remember that prepositions are used to add more meaning to a sentence. A prepositional phrase will include both the preposition and an object of the prepostion. We learned about acccusative case prepositions at the beginning of German 2. Review these, before beginning this activity.
There are a specific set of prepositions that must use an object in the dative case. The prepositions are listed below. What it means when a preposition is governed by the dative case, is that the object of the prepositions will be (regardless of placement within the sentence) in the dative. Prepositions are completely separate from rest of the elements within a setence.
aus - out of, from
außer - besides, except
bei - near, at
mit - with
nach - after, to (outside of a city), to home
seit - since, for
von - from, of, by (as in an author of a book)
zu - to (inside the city), at home
To create a prepositional phrase, you begin with the preposition, follow with an article using the correct case, and then end with the object of the preposition. You will not need to use commas and any point with prepositional phrases.
Examples:
Ich fahre mit dem Bus. - I ride on the bus.
Er will zu der Pizzeria gehen. - He wants to go to the pizza shop.
Das Buch ist von meinen Eltern. - The book is from my parents.
There are contractions that are often used with the dative prepositions. Contractions like these are used in formal and informal writing. Truly they replace the preposition and article, however, for now you will not be counted off when you do not use these contractions. It is imperative that you know what these contractions mean.
bei + dem = beim
von + dem = vom
zu + der = zur
zu + dem = zum
So taking the example from the previous sentence, it will be this, when using a contraction:
Er will zur Pizzeria gehen.
There are a specific set of prepositions that must use an object in the dative case. The prepositions are listed below. What it means when a preposition is governed by the dative case, is that the object of the prepositions will be (regardless of placement within the sentence) in the dative. Prepositions are completely separate from rest of the elements within a setence.
aus - out of, from
außer - besides, except
bei - near, at
mit - with
nach - after, to (outside of a city), to home
seit - since, for
von - from, of, by (as in an author of a book)
zu - to (inside the city), at home
To create a prepositional phrase, you begin with the preposition, follow with an article using the correct case, and then end with the object of the preposition. You will not need to use commas and any point with prepositional phrases.
Examples:
Ich fahre mit dem Bus. - I ride on the bus.
Er will zu der Pizzeria gehen. - He wants to go to the pizza shop.
Das Buch ist von meinen Eltern. - The book is from my parents.
There are contractions that are often used with the dative prepositions. Contractions like these are used in formal and informal writing. Truly they replace the preposition and article, however, for now you will not be counted off when you do not use these contractions. It is imperative that you know what these contractions mean.
bei + dem = beim
von + dem = vom
zu + der = zur
zu + dem = zum
So taking the example from the previous sentence, it will be this, when using a contraction:
Er will zur Pizzeria gehen.
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Activity 5 - Assignment
For this assignment, you will be translating prepositional phrases from English into German. You will need to create a Google Doc. Be sure to include the assignment name and your name on the document. Share your documents with me when you are finished. 1. with the car 2. at his job (der Job) 3. to the movie theater 4. except for my brother 5. out of the restaurant 6. after school 7. since 3 years 8. from your (singular) friends 9. to Germany 10. at home |
Activity 5 - Quiz
For this quiz, you will be providing the English definitions of the prepositions. Click on the link below to access the quiz. You will automatically receive your results. Each question is worth 1 point each, for a total of 7 points. Dative Prepositions Quiz |
Activity 6 - Dative Pronouns
Like in the first lesson for German 2, pronouns will change depending on their usage within a sentence. Since this entire lesson is about the dative case, dative pronouns must be included. This is not something that is different from English. Think about how we use pronouns in everyday language:
The boy throws him the ball.
The family is giving her a new radio.
The teacher sends them an E-Mail.
We do not say the boy throws he the ball, it does not make sense. We change he to him when the pronoun is being used as an indirect object. The same holds true for German. Some of these pronouns will look familiar from the first lesson in German 2. Make sure to copy this chart down and use it as a reference.
Nominative Accusative Dative
ich mich mir
du dich dir
er ihn ihm
sie sie ihr
wir uns uns
ihr euch euch
sie sie ihnen
Sie Sie Ihnen
Look at the sentences from above in German.
Der Junge wirft ihm den Ball.
Der Familie schenkt ihr ein neues Radio.
Der Lehrer sendet ihnen eine E-Mail.
A reminder with word order, the subject will go first, followed by the verb in second positions, followed by the dative pronoun, and then finally the accusative object. It is possible for a prepositional phrase or time phrase to go before the verb in German. If this is the case, the subject follows the verb and then comes the dative objects and finally the accusative one.
Examples:
Der Lehrer schreibt den Schüler einen Brief.
Nach der Schule schießt der Spieler dem Torwart den Ball.
The boy throws him the ball.
The family is giving her a new radio.
The teacher sends them an E-Mail.
We do not say the boy throws he the ball, it does not make sense. We change he to him when the pronoun is being used as an indirect object. The same holds true for German. Some of these pronouns will look familiar from the first lesson in German 2. Make sure to copy this chart down and use it as a reference.
Nominative Accusative Dative
ich mich mir
du dich dir
er ihn ihm
sie sie ihr
wir uns uns
ihr euch euch
sie sie ihnen
Sie Sie Ihnen
Look at the sentences from above in German.
Der Junge wirft ihm den Ball.
Der Familie schenkt ihr ein neues Radio.
Der Lehrer sendet ihnen eine E-Mail.
A reminder with word order, the subject will go first, followed by the verb in second positions, followed by the dative pronoun, and then finally the accusative object. It is possible for a prepositional phrase or time phrase to go before the verb in German. If this is the case, the subject follows the verb and then comes the dative objects and finally the accusative one.
Examples:
Der Lehrer schreibt den Schüler einen Brief.
Nach der Schule schießt der Spieler dem Torwart den Ball.
Note: Before viewing Katja's videos, I want to explain a few things she does with them. First, the order she uses is the Latin, which means she begins with nominative, then genitive, dative, and finally accusative. We learn the order as nominative, accusative, and dative. This changes nothing with regards to the meaning and usage, it is just a different way of listing the personal pronouns. Second, we will not learn the genitive until German 3. So disregard this case for the moment.
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Activity 6 - Assignment
For this assignment, you will be filling in a worksheet. You will need to include your name. Click on the link below to complete the assignment. It is worth a total of 10 points. Assignment 6 Dative Pronouns |
Activity 6 - Quiz
For this quiz, you will be translating sentences using the dative case and pronouns. Each sentence is worth 1 point each, for a total of 10 points. Dative Pronoun Quiz |
Summary - Lesson 3
Lesson 3 is by far the most intense and jammed pack lesson of all of German 2. The accusative case is spread throughout the whole of German 1, while the dative is merely 1 tiny lesson. As a result, it is very important that you go back and review this lesson throughout the entire German 2 course. The dative is used frequently and misusing the case can cause major confusion.
Remember that not only are the forms of der affected, but ein words and pronouns do change in the dative case. Do not forget the special group of prepositions and dative verbs that also govern the case. Memorize these words together, so that it is easier to recall this information as you journey through German 2.
Next lesson pulls everything together and introduces us to a new tense - the past. We will take everything you know and create your first story. Enjoy the trip!
Remember that not only are the forms of der affected, but ein words and pronouns do change in the dative case. Do not forget the special group of prepositions and dative verbs that also govern the case. Memorize these words together, so that it is easier to recall this information as you journey through German 2.
Next lesson pulls everything together and introduces us to a new tense - the past. We will take everything you know and create your first story. Enjoy the trip!